The Patterns Of Majority And Minority Interaction

The patterns of majority and minority interaction eventually play into prejudice and bigotry themes. Prejudice views differ from bigotry. In some form, a comparison can be drawn between ethnocentric ideas and prejudice ideas. When someone is ethnocentric, they believe their own values and customs to be superior to other cultures. From these ethnocentric ideas, which have been displayed throughout history, prejudice ideas occur. Prejudice ideas occur when a person makes a pre-judgment or assumption in regards to another ethnicity. Therefore, when one makes a pre-judgment they assume that they are unlike the group that they are judging. Bigotry on the other hand plays into the idea of discrimination in the sense that people are not approving of a particular minorities lifestyle or cultural values. Lecture number five does a nice job explaining how all three of these concepts work, â€Å"People tend to justify discrimination by rationalizing it on the ground that those whom they discri minate against are less worthy of respect or fair treatment than people like themselves† (Class notes, Lecture 5). An example of modern prejudice ideas or bigotry can be seen within how western countries discuss people of Islamic faith. One common stereotype that I’ve personally observed is that all Muslim people are â€Å"terrorists†. This unfortunate assumption has led to serious accounts of discrimination. It is entirely unfair to assume that because of a small collection of religious extremists in theShow MoreRelatedPatterns Of Interactionism And Colralism1013 Words   |  5 PagesOn the other hand, the sociologist has described four model patterns of interaction among the racial and ethnic in our society. 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Some additional concepts that go along withRead MoreRacism, Religion, and Family1549 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals, three had very similar ideas of racism: the oppression of a subgroup by the majority group because of racial or ethnic characteristics. The other two people defined racism as prejudice. Each individual, however, saw racism as a negative element of society. I too agree with this concept of racism being a negative blight to society that is being externally imposed on various subgroups by the majority group. The concept of family was the most similar. Here, the individ uals believed that familyRead MoreThe Agents Of Socialization : Andrew Vachss1233 Words   |  5 Pageschild protection consultant, and minority youth lawyer--once said, â€Å"All children are born pure egoists. They perceive their needs to the exclusion of all others. Only through socialization do they learn that some forms of gratification must be deferred and others denied† (Vachss). Vachss’ view that inequalities and prejudice are in fact learned behaviors is supported by analysis of the agents of socialization--the groups that â€Å"transmit their values, behavior patterns, and understandings of their socialRead MoreIncreasing Intercultural Competence and Tolerance in Multicultural Schools by Lebedeva, Makarova, and Tatarko1176 Words   |  5 Pagescaused by ethnic prejudices. Lebedeva et al. (2013) summarize the program goals as the following: reduce anxiety in intercultural interactions, overcome ethnic prejudices and negative stereotypes, form cognitive and emotional empathy, develop an isomorphic attribution of outgroup behavior, form a common identity, and model positive behavior patterns in intercultural interaction (p. 40) Using models from social and cross-cultural psychology, the program investigates intercultural relations and acculturationRead MoreSociological Imagination And Cultural Imagination796 Words   |  4 Pagesat Pat Hurley park and observe and analyze with the eyes of a sociologist. While at the park I was looking for social patterns in people’s behaviors. In order to see the social patterns, I needed to identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure. During my micro-level analysis of the small groups and individual interactions. I noticed a variety of patterns that existed which were race, gender, aging, family, class, and culture. There was a lot of diversity among the socialRead MoreCultural Interview Is An Indispensable Element Of One s Professional Success Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbe used as an example to illustrate the particular features characterizing the voluntary minorities in the US. Subsequently, the correspondence between the received data and the concept of voluntary/involuntary minorities is to be considered the major interrelation between the interview and the theories discussed during the course. Being more precise, in accordance with Ogbu and Simons, the voluntary minorities are to be considered those groups of people who have moved to the US due to the expectationsRead MoreDebunking a Myth: a Structural Analysis of Gerstel and Sarkisian‚Äà ´s ‚Äà ºthe Color of Family Ties: Race, Class, Gender, and Extended Family Involvement‚Äà ¹976 Words   |  4 PagesInvolvement,† which appeared in Stephanie Coontz’s American Families: A Multicultural Re ader, Gerstel and Sarkisian present their professional opinions of the popular belief in America that White families have stronger kinship ties than those of minority families, namely Black and Latino/a. Gerstel and Sarkisian are professors of sociology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and at Boston College, respectively; they are also highly acclaimed researchers, publishers, and experts surroundingRead MoreThe Role Of Institutional Racism During Bridging The Racial Divide1731 Words   |  7 Pages There is now an African-American president in the White House and there is now no visible trace of slavery in America. Racism, in the eyes of the majority is nonexistent. There is a wide assumption that minorities, especially blacks have progressed to the point where job and income equality is no longer a debate. The majority does not think of racism as a serious problem just because enough progress had been made. Some people think that some progress equates to s ufficient progress. HoweverRead MoreThe Conflict Resolution Of Sri Lanka1374 Words   |  6 Pagesissue that societies have faced since the genesis of human beings. Take, for example, the country of Sri Lanka. For years, Sri Lanka has been torn apart by the conflict between the Buddhist Sinhalese, who constitute the majority of the population, and the Hindu Tamil, who are the minority of the population. The country gained independence from the European rule in 1948. Since then, the country became a symbol of economic prosperity, political stability and harmony, particularly amongst third world countries

Different Periods Of Music Have Different Characteristics

Different periods of music have different characteristics. For impressionist era, it was between romantic period and the 20th century. There were some similarities within these two periods, like the contrasts of dynamics and pitch in the former period, while the melody is fragmented in the latter period. One of the famous composers, Claude Debussy, liked to compose music through harmony and exotic scale. An example of his pieces was Danse sacree et profane composed in 1904. It consists of two parts with the meaning of sacred and profane, and most characteristics of the 20th century music. The two parts of Danse sacree et profane are not fully distinct but give me different feelings. What I first heard was the narrow use of instruments that is performed by a string orchestra, consisting of two violins, cello, viola, and double bass. These emphasize the solo Harp used in this piece and outline its characteristics. The piece is well-organized as the Harp plays the main melody of this music, while the strings are used for accompaniment. The orchestration moves between strings and the harp, and plays open octaves that are in unison with melody in a few moments. Overall, the melodies move slightly with simple intervals and straightforward rhythmic patterns. Whole-tone scales are used throughout two parts, which is one of the most common practices by Debussy. Moreover, this piece is in the binary form due to the division of two parts. Yet, it can be considered as a roundedShow MoreRelatedThe Baroque Era of Music Essay515 Words   |  3 PagesThe Baroque period of music lasted from approximately 1600 – 1750 AD. It falls into the Common Practice period and was the most predominant style of writing after the Renaissance period and before the Classical period (the Classical period uses many elements from the Baroque period). 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In general, jazz is believed to have born in New Orleans. Jazz developed for the pleasure of the social dancers. According to the â€Å"Understanding Jazz: What Is Jazz?† of John F. Kennedy center for the Performing Arts, Jazz was created mainlyRead MoreMusic s Influence On Western Music1347 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned, music has magical power, as the saying goes, music makes a qualities of race higher and expensive, where have music, where enjoy to melt . I think western music is the most fashionable music in the world.Even in classical western music, it was also very modern.Western music has very long history, experienced lots of difficulties and changes. Until now, there are still many researchers studying western music’s history. As I know, early western music mostly were light music which didn’t have lyrics

Revenue Management Increased Profits

Question: Discuss about the Revenue Management for Increased Profits. Answer: Introduction Revenue management is critical for achievement of the financial goals for every organization regardless its industry, nature of business, or size of its operations. There are two primary elements in the revenue management such as demand and price. The management of these two primary elements is crucial to ensure proper revenue management aligned with the organizational goals and strategies (Huefner, 2011). Thus, the revenue management could be defined as a disciplined approach to analyze and predict the consumer demand and set the prices to ensure attainment of the optimal revenues. In this context, a report has been prepared here that deals with various crucial aspects of the revenue management in the hospitality sector. This report covers discussion on the technical terms used in revenue management in the hospitality sector such as occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR. Further, the report also covers tactics to analyze hotels performance along with analysis of the competitors. The analysis of competitors is crucial to gauge own weakness and implanting alternative solutions to overcome such noticed weaknesses (Huefner, 2011). In addition to this, the discussion has also been put across the yield management strategies to be adopted by the managers of a hotel. Definition of Occupancy, ADR, RevPAR Understanding of the technical terms such as occupancy, ADR, RevPAR is important in revenues management. In the hospitality sector, occupancy rate refers to the unit demand. It is calculated by dividing the occupied rooms of a hotel by total number of rooms available for rental (Hayes, Ninemeier, Miller, 2011). The occupancy rate is used in computing the demand, which is a necessary element of revenue computation. Another important element of revenue computation in the hospitality sector is the average daily rate (ADR). The average daily rate represents the rental revenues per occupied rental unit, for example room. The RevPAR is referred as revenue per available room, which is computed by multiplying the ADR by occupancy rate of the hotel. In the hospitality sector, the RevPAR is used to measure the performance of hotel and its management over a given period of time (Hayes, Ninemeier, Miller, 2011). Analysis of the Hotels Performance against Its Competitors The first thing that could be observed about the hotel is the high occupancy rate as shown in the Smith Travel Research (STR) report. The report shows that occupancy rate of the hotel is higher than its competitor in all week day except Saturday. It has been observed that the occupancy rate of the hotel on Saturday was 94.70%, against which the competitor achieved an occupancy rate of 94.80%, which is marginally higher (Appendix). The high occupancy rate clearly indicates that the hotel is in demand. Further, the trend in respect of occupancy of the hotel also depicts increase by 39.10% in the current week as compared to only 6.90% increase in the case of the competitor (appendix). The next thing observed in respect of the hotel was the low average daily rates (ADR). It was observed that the hotel maintained ADR of 40.79 in the current week as against the ADR of 69.39 of its competitor. It may be that the hotel is following strategy to maintain low ADR to attract more customers. The companies adopt changes in the prices to infuse demand, but the change in the price should not result in reduction in the overall revenues. The third observation in respect of RevPAR indicates that the same has happened to the hotel in the current week. The hotel reduced ADR so low that its RevPAR went lower than that of its competitor. For the current week, RevPAR of the hotel was 36.43 as against 45.32 of its competitor (Appendix). Thus, despite maintaining high occupancy, hotels RevPAR went down, which indicates that the reduction in the ADR was not sustainable. Thus, based on RevPAR, it could be articulated that the performance of the hotel has been down as compared to its competitor. However, the hotel has built up a solid customer base, which is depicted in the high occupancy rate; thus, in the future, sustained increase in ADR could be made to gain from the situation (Ivanov, 2014). Ways to Analyze the Competitors In the current business scenario of throat cut competition, it has been become essential for the companies to keep eyes on the competitors and analyze their strengths, weaknesses, and strategies. For this purpose, SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis of the competitor can be carried out. SWOT analysis focuses on the analysis of four core elements such as strengths and weaknesses of the business and opportunities and threats emanating from the environment (Varghese, 2012). The results of the SWOT analysis disclose the core competencies of the competitor and the weak areas, which can be exploited by others. Though SWOT analysis covers all the crucial areas of business such as marketing, finance, and administration, but it emphasizes much on marketing (Varghese, 2012). However, it should be noted that analysis of the marketing strategies and competencies of the competitors is not the only aspect that needs to be looked into in a competitor analysis. There are crucial areas such as finance, which should be analyzed in a competitor analysis. For this purpose, the financial statements of the competitor for preceding years say for 5 or 10 years could be referred. The analysis of the financial statement reveals the financial performance and position of the company, which is necessary to understand the standing of the competitor in the market place (Varghese, 2012). Yield Management Strategies The yield management strategies are applied for the purpose of effectively managing the revenues by adjusting the prices of goods or services. These strategies are effective in managing revenues when the resources are limit, for example, rooms in case of hotels, airlines in case of an airline company. The primary purpose of yield management strategy is to reduce the wastage and maximize the output within the constraint of the resources (Ingold, Yeoman, Beattie, 2000). There are various strategies that can be applied in the field of yield management; among them major five are listed as below: Adjusting prices of the goods and services: Adjusting the prices of the goods and services is the biggest tool in the hands of the management. The price affects demand, therefore, the management uses price as the tool to optimize the demand (Rouse, 2011). Controlling inventory in a better way: Controlling of inventory sometimes becomes pertinent, for example, in case of perishable goods. The perishable goods purchased in high quantities in the anticipation of high demand could causes heavy losses. Period wise analysis of demand: In order to utilize the resources to the optimal level, the industries such as hospitality and airlines conduct period wise analysis of demand. Based on this analysis, the periods are segregated as peak period and lean period (Rouse, 2011). Market or product wise analysis of demand: The analysis of demand based on the market or product is also helpful in putting the limited resources to their optimal use. Bringing lucrative incentive policies: This strategy is used to push the demand upside. As per this strategy, the firms in the industry such as hospitality bring in incentive policies for the staff so that the load of peak season could be sustained without many problems (Rouse, 2011). In the case being analyzed in this report, it could be observed that the demand is at excellent level as indicated by high occupancy rate, but the pricing needs modifications. Therefore, the management of the hotel should follow the strategy of adjusting the average daily rates. At present, the average daily rates of the hotel are so low that RevPAR is slopping downward despite registering growth in occupancy. Thus, with the motive to increase RevPAR, the management of the hotel should revise ADR to upside. Further, in order to sustain the hike in ADR, the management may consider delivering some additional value added services to the customers (Rouse, 2011). Communication with the Stakeholders In order to ensure successful implementation of the strategies and plans it is necessary to communicate them to the stakeholders in an effective manner. For this purpose, firstly it is crucial to identify the stakeholders to be communicated in respect of a particular strategy or plan correctly. For instance, in the current case, if the revenue manager plans to alter the prices for the room rent, the key stakeholders to be communicated will be top management, lower level management, and the customers (Bourne, 2015). The communication within the management that top management and lower level of management is the part if internal processes while the communication with the customers can be achieved through advertisement in a better way (Bourne, 2015). The revenue manager will have to first get the approval of the top management before considering implementation of the strategy. Thus, for this purpose, it is advisable that the revenue manager arranges a pre-informed meeting with the top management. The revenue manager should disclose the facts and figures along with analysis of the estimated benefits to the organization from the implementation of the strategy (Bourne, 2015). After getting approval from the top management, the revenue manager will have to communicate the implementation plan to the lower level management. This communication can be made through a meeting or sending written communication personally to the lower level managers. In this communication, the lower level staff should be made aware of the changes to be carried out through the strategy implementation and their duties and accountability toward the same (Bourne, 2015). Further, the third group of stakeholders that needs to be communicated about the changes in the prices of goods and services under the new strategy is the customers. In order to communicate, the customers, the advertisement and marketing channels to be used by the revenues manager (Bourne, 2015). Implement Revenue or Yield Management Strategies The two prominent areas where revenue or yield management strategies could be implemented are market segmentation and provisioning of bundled services. The market segmentation implies drawing out strategy to enter in the new segment of the market. In the case of a hotel, the new market segment could be providing space for corporate meetings to the companies (Marketing4restaurants, 2012). Thus, a hotel which primarily provides accommodation to the tourists could enter into new service area that is to provide services for corporate meetings to the companies. Further, the other area for implementation of yield management strategies is provisioning of bundled services. Following the policy of provisioning of bundled services, the hotel can offer multiple services in a single package. For example, the hotel providing only accommodation services could club in other services such as food serving, guide services, and local transportation for the visitors (Marketing4restaurants, 2012). The bundling of various services along with accommodation would be helpful for the hotel to add value for its customers. It will boost up the sales revenues of the hotel. Apart from these alternatives, further steps could also be taken by the management through pricing policy to improve the yield. Based on the size of booking amount, the customers should be give discount on the price. The price discount policy should fair and competitive. It will help the hotel to enhance revenues in a quick time. In addition to this there are few other examples that could be applied in yield management in a hotel. For example, the hotel may consider getting into an alliance with the airlines or agents to catch the customers more easily (Marketing4restaurants, 2012). Conclusion The discussion in this report resolves around the subject matter of revenue or yield management in the context of hospitality industry. From the discussion carried in this report, it can be articulated that the yield management is crucial for the survival of the firms operating in the hospitality industry. The area of yield management is strategic and tactical that requires formulation of different strategies keeping the competitors in mind. The analysis of competitors thus becomes necessary before framing the strategies for yield management. Further, the discussion of the report extends to descriptions and application of the yield management strategies. References Bourne, L. 2015. Making Projects Work: Effective Stakeholder and Communication Management. CRC Press. Hayes, D.K., Ninemeier, J.D., Miller, A.A. 2011. Foundations of Lodging Management, 2/e. Pearson Education India. Huefner, R. 2011. Revenue Management: A Path to Increased Profits. Business Expert Press. Ingold, A., Yeoman, I., Beattie, U.M. 2000. Yield Management. Cengage Learning EMEA. Ivanov, S. 2014. Hotel Revenue Management: From Theory to Practice. Zangador. Marketing4restaurants. 2012. 7 tips for restaurant yield management. Retrieved December 06, 2016, from https://marketing4restaurants.com/7-tips-for-restaurant-yield-management/ Rouse, P. 2011. Revenue Management for Service Organizations. Business Expert Press. Varghese, J. 2012. Competitor Analysis:Working Paper. AuthorHouse.

A DayS Wait Ernest Hemingway Essay Example For Students

A DayS Wait Ernest Hemingway Essay ERNEST HEMINGWAYErnest Hemmingway is a masculine writer of immense emotion. He writes off of his life experiences and his feelings towards different subjects. Ernest Hemingways themes are virile on the surface, but when analyzed, one will find them to be romantic and sentimental. As one will find through the reading of Hemingways works he is a very masculine writer. Says one critic: Hemingway fans have long made reference to the Hemingway Heros, or the macho men which seem to dominate most of the authors semi-autobiographical works(essortment1). Brian Dennis writes: Hemingways themes show part of his life. He was a man who delights in fishing, in hunting, in horseplay, and was a man filled with what used to be called animal spirits(dennis02). Michael Reynolds states: From 1921 to 1938 it has been the same story, love and pity and pride and loneliness concealed in a brief reportage of cruel facts(reynolds369). Another expert explained that: The glorification of the dangerous life of hunting and fishing is keeping Hemingway from deserving people, from writing about the life of his times(jackson72). As for Hemingway himself he calls himself a mans man. Michael Reynolds stated that: The method is to effete for Mr. Hemingway, who cannot develop themes for his work without first sailing for Cape Town of chartering a fishing smack or hiring a guide to the caribou country. Hemingway stated: Writers should work alone. They should see each other only when their work is done, and not too often then. Otherwise they become like writers in New York. All angleworms in a bottle, trying to derive knowledge and nourishment from their own contact and from the bottle(reynolds371). In the face of so much advise, Hemingway continued to write only about what he knows, only as he sees it, only when he wants to, that is a quality that Hemingway posses that few other writers have(waldhorn03). The source of his material and spring to his imagination was his own life. Issues of intellect, history, myth, and society were beside the point. It is what his eyes say and heart felt that he cured into fiction(fenton91). Says Charles Fenton about Hemingway. To examine the extent of the masculinity of Hemingways themes, one must first get to know what some critics say about the themes of some of his stories. Speaking of The Sun Also Rises editors of a website dedicated to this book explained: No amount of analysis can convey the quality of The Sun Also Rises. It is truly a gripping story, told in a lean hard athletic narrative. Mr. Hemingway shows uncanny skill at implementing his own masculine beliefs and values into a theme of immense emotion(essortment2). Seeing through the masculinity in the story Justin Day writes: Mr. Hemingway has such a hold on his values that he makes an absorbing, beautifully and tenderly absurd, heartbreaking narrative of it, when on the surface, it seems as if it is going to be one of his infamous Man Stories(day3). Speaking of A Farewell to Arms which is a highly reviewed Hemingway story, Arthur Waldhorn writes that: The chief result is of enamel luster imparted to the story as a whole, not precisely and iri descence, but a white light, rather, that pales and flashes, but never warms. Which is Hemingways way of thinking, it is apparent that he has soft spots in his work and in his thoughts, but he refuses to let them show(Waldhorn2). Reviewing the same story Jeff Marx states that a Victorian telling the story of Henry and Catherine would have waxed sentimental; he would have sought the tears of his reader. And he would surely himself shed tears as he wrote(jackson73). Many believe that Hemingway wrote about fictional characters that had the life that Ernest Hemingway himself tried to lead. Brian Dennis speaking of the story To Have and Have Not states: Henry was a big bruiser of a man, hard as they come, happily married by reason of a strong physical attachment, and was the father of two girls(dennis14). .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 , .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .postImageUrl , .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 , .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:hover , .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:visited , .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:active { border:0!important; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:active , .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0 .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u019a6e18a7df5e73c7eeb04da21179a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Coalition Chemistry EssayAs stated before many critics believe that Hemingways themes are sentimental and somewhat romantic. For example Michael Reynolds writes: Hemingway has tremendous personality. It is not the usual kind of personality in literature, not D. H. Lawrences or Chekhovs, or Max Beerbohms; it isnt inflammatory or pervasive or repellant; indeed it is a personality in retreat, almost in hiding; an implied personality just as Hemingways sense of values is an implied sense of values(reynolds373). Hemingway seems to be a romantic man with a masculine way of thinking. One feels that he learns about people by listening to them, not by talking to them. In the end he probably learns more that way(jackson73). But he remains in a subtle sense, a stranger among his themes and characters(fenton76). Alfred Aronowitz does not think that it is very difficult to find that Hemingways themes are romantic. He states Everybody, more or less, knows that at the bottom Hemingway is a romantic and a sentimentalist, it is not a new discovery yet it remains an interesting one to discuss (aronowitz41). It has given him the physical sensations of direct action, rude contact, swift pace. It has given him something to be downright, and if necessary, harsh about without exposing himself as inhumane; it has given him somebody elses code to interpret so that he need not formulate (which is a much harder job) a code of his own; it has given him, perhaps, the right to despise. Which in turn, provides us with a false understanding of Mr. Hemingway (aronowitz41). Alfred Aronowitz continued on to say. Hemingways themes explain his lifestyle, or the lifestyle that he made ap parent to the public eye. No writer can go on and on writing about the same things when they are merely things that he observed, overheard, or impaled with his intelligence quite like Hemingway(jackson74). Says Jeff Marx. It is said that the themes that Ernest Hemingway had in his stories were things that just popped in his mind through a day of being alone or a day of hunting (fenton82). One can then come to the conclusion that Hemingway was a dreamer and not too much in tune with the reality that was his life, as such the themes in his stories proved this (fenton83). Alfred Aronowitz believed that Ernest Hemingways way of thinking provided themes for Hemingways stories. Hemingway seemed to always have a contrasting theme in his stories. When Hemingway was at a down time in life, he would write about a hero, also when Hemingway was seemingly on cloud nine, he would write about murder(Aronowitz43). After over 50 years of analysis, there are still thousands of opinions and hypothesis on why Hemingway wrote about what he did. But there are a few things that are agreed upon. Ernest Hemmingway was came off as a mans man (reynolds371). It is a fact that most of his stories consisted of predominantly masculine themes. Whether it is a world war hero or an everyday macho man, Hemmingway seems to have always been a writer that reached out to a male audience (fenton89). Through research one will also find Hemingways themes to be somewhat romantic and sentimental (aronowitz41). All of these facts concerning Hemingway go for not if one does not get the writer to know for oneself. He is truly a brilliant and thoughtful writer (fenton88). BibliographyAronowitz, Alfred G. Ernest Hemingway, The Life and Death of a Man. Washington, DC: Lancer Books Publishing, 1961. Day, Justin. An analysis of Ernest Hemingway. 02 Aug. 2001. http://www.teleport.com/aaugiee/hemingway.shtmlDennis, Brian. The True Gen, An Intimate Portrait of Hemingway by Those who Knew Him. Grove Press 21 July. 2001Fenton, Charles A. The Apprenticeship of Ernest Hemingway, the Early Years.Durham, NC: Plantin Paperbacks, 1987. (originally published, 1954). .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a , .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .postImageUrl , .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a , .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:hover , .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:visited , .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:active { border:0!important; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:active , .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04453783d4b831b9ecf86d75aabdc62a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Whole Food Markets Case EssayMarx, Jeff. New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. Benson J. Jackson. NC: Duke University Press, 1990. 71-77. Reynolds, Michael. Ernest Hemingway. Modern Critical Views. Harold Bloom. Chelsea House, 1985. 368-401. Understanding The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway. 01 Aug. 2001http://ct.essortment.com/sunalsorisesu_rqek.htmWaldhorn, Arthur. A readers Guide to Ernest Hemingway. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1972.

The Supernatural In Macbeth Essay Example For Students

The Supernatural In Macbeth Essay In Shakespeares Macbeth, specific scenes focus the readers attention to the suspense and involvement of the supernatural. The use of witches, apparitions and ghosts provide important elements in making the play interesting. Examining certain scenes of the play, it can be determined that as supernatural occurrences develop, Macbeth reflects a darker self-image. Macbeth experiences his first strange encounter of the supernatural when he meets the three witches in act one, scene one. After learning of his prophecies to become king, Macbeth states, Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor: The greatest is behind (still to come). (1. 3.117-118). Shakespeare uses foreshadowing, a literary technique, to suggest to his readers the character Macbeth will suffer a personality change. Macbeth also implies his first notions of plotting an evil scheme by this comment. We will write a custom essay on The Supernatural In Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the prophecies of the witches revealed the fate of Macbeth, the quest of the throne will be his next victory. The witches reveal a fate for Macbeth and imply that a part of what will come to him must come, but they reveal no fate of evil-doing for him and never, even by suggestion, bind him to evil doing. , states literary critic Willard Furnham. Furnham declares the only power the witches obtain over Macbeth is the power of insinuation. By offering to Macbeth the idea of power, the witches push Macbeth to the next level of greed and evil that did not exist prior to the encounter. The murder of King Duncan initiates Macbeths second encounter with the supernatural when he witnesses a floating dagger. As Macbeth awaits the signal to make his way up the stairs, he sees the floating dagger and proclaims, Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, fatal vision, sensible (able to be felt) to feeling as to sight, or art thou but a dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain? (2. 2.33-38). This apparition confuses and frightens Macbeth. He can not comprehend how he can see something and not be able to touch it. Thou leads me the way I was going; and such an instrument I was to use. And on thy blade and hilt, drops of blood which was not so before. Theres no such thing. It is bloody business which takes shape. (2.2.43-49) Here, Macbeth begins to question whether his mind is playing tricks on him. The situation seems quite coincidental considering he is minutes from murdering a man with a similar weapon. He states the apparition takes place due to the bloody business about to occur. The dagger symbolizes the point of no return for Macbeth. If he chooses the path in which the dagger leads, there will be no turning back. Macbeth fears Banquo due to his prophecy to father kings, so Macbeth proceeds to plot the murder of his once friend, which spurs yet another brush with the supernatural. Macbeth attends a banquet at which he witnesses the ghost of his dead friend. (3.4.37-145) The fortunes of the three witches sparked Macbeths desire to murder Banquo and caused him to dig himself into a deeper hole. Macbeths guilt and fear combined drive him to darker and more evil actions in an attempt to cover his past misdeeds. What man dare, I dare. Approach though like the rugged Russian bear, the armed rhinoceros, or th Hyrcan tiger; Take any shape but that (Banquo) and my firm nerves shall never tremble. (3. 4.100-104) Macbeth feels frightened at the sight of the bloody ghost haunting him and is angered that the ghost revealed it self to him. His guilt causes him to proclaim he could take on a rhino, tiger or any other wild animal, but not Banquos ghost. After his encounter with the ghost, Macbeth proceeds to visit the witches one last time to insure his security. .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 , .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .postImageUrl , .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 , .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:hover , .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:visited , .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:active { border:0!important; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:active , .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9 .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b73bd49196ac724f3718a05b1e1c5f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Most everyone thinks a veterinarian is just someon Essay After this last visit, Macbeth becomes overconfident and a tyrant, which cause his downfall. The use of supernatural in Macbeth, provides the suspenseful nature of his work. Without the witches, apparitions and the ghost, Macbeth could not have reached his downfall. The use of supernatural in Macbeth caused Macbeth to become a darker and more evil person with each paranormal encounter. BibliographyFarnham,Willard. The Witches. 20th Century Interpretations of Macbeth Ed. Terence Hawkes. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1982 p.61-62

Our Country;s Good - Plot essays

Our Country;s Good - Plot essays Scene one: The Voyage out- the scene opens on a convict ship, which is on its way to Australia. There are many convicts huddled close together in the cold. The character Sideway is being hit and the character Ralph Clark is counting the lashes. After he has finished his beatings, Sideway is chucked down with the other convicts. A few of the characters discuss how they feel and how hungry they are (these characters are Mary, Wisehammer and Arscott. Scene two: An aboriginal Australian enters and describes the first ever fleet of convicts coming to Australia. He also says that he sees the ship as a dream that has lost its way, describing it as if its coming from the sky. Scene three: Punishment- This scene opens with Phillip, Collins, Tench and Brewer all shooting birds, and at the same time, discussing the punishment of hanging. Each character expresses different thoughts on the matter, and this tells the audience quickly a lot about them. Scene four: The Loneliness of Men- Ralph is in his tent, and is reciting his diary to his wife in England. This diary entry tells us a lot about the character Ralph, and tells us how much he hates the convicts. He also desperately wants a promotion. Then enters Harry Brewer, and we learn that Harry is sleeping with Duckling. Duckling also slept with another marine; however Harry hanged him for supposedly steeling food. Harry then tells Ralph that the governor is thinking about putting on a play, with the convicts, and Ralph shows a very keen interest, and wants Harry to tell the governor about his interest in the theatre. Scene 5: An audition- the play has been decided to go through, and has been finalised as the recruiting officer by Farquhar. Ralph agrees to allow the convicts to play the parts in the play. Meg Long (shitty Meg) enters, and mistakes Ralphs new interest in the women, and offers to procure for him, however Ral...

Business in its cultural Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business in its cultural Environment - Essay Example The material and human resources at its command are considerable, and their various orientations and expertise a veritable potential source of wealth. However, the same is also a source of difficulty for a company that has to cope with the imperfections of all human endeavor. Usually when the size of the undertaking is bigger, the imperfections become magnified, as the case appears to be here. In this case, the Airbus had difficulty integrating and coordinating among its multi-national components. The fact that the various components of the Airbus A380 were manufactured in centers located in the different countries already present logistical difficulties. However, it was the cultural divide amongst the groups of workers in the collaborating countries that posed the more serious challenge. There appear to be two general levels of cross-cultural inconsistencies in the Airbus organization. Neither of the types of problems Airbus is encountering has any bearing on racial discrimination, so much as technical mismatch. For instance, the case cited the wiring problems that materialized due to the difference in the versions of the CAD software used by technical personnel in France and in Germany. Such a problem does not bear on deep-seated cultural traits, and may be addressed by adopting standard technical systems (not just measurements or verbal language) that are consistent th roughout the organization. The case study shows that these are lapses caused by company attention being focused on power plays in internal company politics (â€Å"jostling for positionâ€Å"), and the human resources diverting its efforts to resolving legal issues rather than operational problems. Simply put, the discrepancies were the result of negligence. The second problem is more inherent to the way Airbus SAS is organized, and was highlighted by the failure of communication and coordination besetting production and design. Because of inefficiencies in operations, the

Organizational Culture of Indonesia Dissertation - 1

Organizational Culture of Indonesia - Dissertation Example Indonesia consists of 17,508 separate islands and the population exceeds 234 million. In terms of population, it is the fourth largest country in the world. Indonesia is a multicultural society with one of the most populous Muslim majority country in the world. It also has a significant number of Hindus, Buddhist, and Christians. Hence the culture of one city is sometimes entirely different from other cities e.g. the culture of Hindu dominated Bali is entirely different from Jakarta which in turn is entirely different from Sumatra. Hence categorizing certain behaviors as Indonesian culture would be an oversimplification. Despite these cultural variations, the other factor which is more important for organizational culture is the â€Å"tightness† or â€Å"looseness† of the society or national culture in terms of organizational culture. This tightness or looseness is determined by the strength of societal norms and the degree of acceptability for deviations from these nor ms (James W. Smither, 2009). The Indonesian culture is quite loose because of already existing diversity in the society. Indonesia consists of 17,508 separate islands and the population exceeds 234 million. In terms of population, it is the fourth largest country in the world. Indonesia is a multicultural society with one of the most populous Muslim majority country in the world. It also has a significant number of Hindus, Buddhist, and Christians. Hence the culture of one city is sometimes entirely different from other cities e.g. the culture of Hindu dominated Bali is entirely different from Jakarta which in turn is entirely different from Sumatra. Hence categorizing certain behaviors as Indonesian culture would be an oversimplification. Despite these cultural variations, the other factor which is more important for organizational culture is the â€Å"tightness† or â€Å"looseness† of the society or national culture in terms of organizational culture. This tightness or looseness is determined by the strength of societal norms and the degree of acceptability for deviations from these norms (James W. Smither, 2009). The Indonesian culture is quite loose because of already existing diversity in the society. Organizational Culture of Indonesia Organizational culture in Indonesia has transformed ever since the movement of democratization in 1998. It has resulted in a lot of freedom of expression and freedom of information. It has also brought changes in the organizational structures with a shift towards decentralization and democratization (Hill, 2011). The system of centralization and authoritarianism is now completely changed. According to researchers one major dimension along which many ethnic groups and nations vary from each other is the degree of individualism and collectivism. This behavior strongly determines the attitude, behavior, and actions of the individuals and hence has a strong role to play in determining the working environment.  

Critical Thinking Case Study (Marketing) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical Thinking (Marketing) - Case Study Example He is confident that a new product can be delivered despite budgetary cuts. 2b. Pat Lambert Pat believes that the retail version of the original AcuScan scanner will be a big hit. If not the perfect version, a prototype can be developed by August, to which further changes can be made. If this deadline is not met, the competitor will launch their product before AcuScan Inc. and grab the market share. The features are slight changes to the original AcuScan and need additional databases and modifications to make Operation Optimize possible. Kelly is making things difficult because on talking to one of the engineers Pat discovered that such a new product is very much possible to me made within the stipulated time and existing resources. 2c. Kelly Thomas Kelly initially thought that the new product requires minor alterations to the existing. However, later he discovered that the new product is too much of an innovation on the existing one and would require a lot of time and effort. Kelly believes that others don't understand the mechanics of product engineering and what goes into making a new product. In this time frame, with the existing workforce he can only deliver a certain feature of the product and not the entire product itself. 2d. Chris Martinas Chris like Cliff believes that the retail version of the scanner will position AcuScan on a path to success and regain its leadership position in the technology landscape. He believes that product engineering is Kelly's domain and only when Kelly and Pat both work together, would it be possible that the new product comes into being. 3a. Cliff Cliff's argument is logical as well as emotional in nature. He understands that innovation in the dynamic landscape of technology is a must...and grab the market share. The features are slight changes to the original AcuScan and need additional databases and modifications to make Operation Optimize possible. Kelly is making things difficult because on talking to one of the engineers Pat discovered that such a new product is very much possible to me made within the stipulated time and existing resources. Kelly initially thought that the new product requires minor alterations to the existing. However, later he discovered that the new product is too much of an innovation on the existing one and would require a lot of time and effort. Kelly believes that others don't understand the mechanics of product engineering and what goes into making a new product. In this time frame, with the existing workforce he can only deliver a certain feature of the product and not the entire product itself. Chris like Cliff believes that the retail version of the scanner will position AcuScan on a path to success and regain its leadership position in the technology landscape. He believes that product engineering is Kelly's domain and only when Kelly and Pat both work together, would it be possible that the new product comes into being. Cliff's argument is logical as well as emotional in nature. He understands that innovation in the dynamic landscape of technology is a must for any organization to do well.

An introduction to kinesiology

An introduction to kinesiology In this chapter, basic kinesiology definitions are introduced and problem-solving approaches in kinesiology tasks are classified as quantitative or qualitative movement analysis. Definition: Derived from the Greek word kinesis meaning motion and the suffix -ology or -logy from the Greek logos or logia (meaning field of study). It is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement. Introduction to Kinesiology You might think that kinesiology is a modern day science, however, you will find out in this text that the practice, study and application of kinesiology can be traced back thousands of years to ancient Roman times. In fact, many aspects of physical movement training are documented in chariot races and gladiator fights, where fighters trained and chose between different weapons, wheel sizes etc. Throughout history, particular in wars there are abundant examples of the use of kinesiology to improve fighting, fitness and protection. Kinesiology encompasses human anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, exercise physiology, exercise psychology and sociology, history, and philosophy of sport. Kinesiology is the study of human movement across a range of tasks including exercise, daily living, play, sport, and work. The primary aims of general kinesiology are 1) Understanding the human bodys physiological and psychological responses to acute short-term physical activity. 2) Understanding the various adaptations to the human body to chronic or long-term physical activity. 3) Understanding the cultural, social, and historical importance of physical activity. 4) Understanding the mechanical qualities of movement. 5) Understanding the processes that control movement and the factors that affect the acquisition of more skills, and 6) Understanding the psychological effects of physical activity on human behavior. In this text we are mostly interested in kinesiology as it relates to human movement. So, we will focus more on joints, bones, muscles, levers, forces etc. as opposed to the social or psychological implications. Key Kinesiology Terms Biomechanics: The science and study of the mechanics of a living body. It is an examination of the forces exerted by muscles and gravity on the skeletal structure and the effects produced by such forces. Biomechanics, as a sports science, applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance in order to gain a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modeling, simulation, and measurement. For example, the forces generated during acceleration of a 100m running race. Mechanics: A branch of physics that deals with the effects of energy and forces on the motion of physical objects. Mechanics, in the field of sports studies, is concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect of those bodies on their environment. For example, the study of materials used in hockey sticks or tennis rackets. Statics: The study of objects in a constant state of motion, which means they may be in motion or stationary. Statics is a branch of physics that is concerned with the analysis of various loads on physical systems. For example, the forces required to lift an Olympic barbell. Dynamics: The study of objects subjected to acceleration/deceleration. Dynamics is from the branch of classical mechanics in physics which is involved with the motion of bodies; it is divided into two other branches, kinematics and kinetics. An example for this category would be the flight speed and path of a baseball after it has been struck. Kinematics: The study and measurement of motion. The variables of kinematics describe the motion of objects in respect to space and time without considering the effects of forces that bring out the motion. Two types of applications are applied in kinematics. First, translational (or curvilinear kinematics), which is the description of the motion in space of a point along a trajectory. This path can be linear, or curved. There are three basic concepts that are required for understanding translational motion; displacement, velocity and acceleration. (These concepts will be reviewed in later chapters). Secondly, there are rotational motion kinematics which describe the rotation of an object and involves the definition and use of the following three quantities: angular position, angular velocity and angular acceleration. Kinematics has application in studying the acceleration of a cyclist or throwing a javelin, where there is a change in the position of the object over time. Kinetics: The study of the forces that act to produce motion. Kinetics, as opposed to kinematics, is concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces. A branch from the study of human biomechanics, a kinetic analysis may include questions such as whether the amount of force the muscles are producing is optimal for the intended purpose of the movement. The term kinetics is not widely used today and is often collectively studied under the term dynamics. Anthropometrics: The study of the human body dimensions. Anthropometrics are related to the dimensions and the weights of body segments. Factors include size, shape, weight and other important considerations in a kinetic analysis. For example, you will notice that basketball players are generally tall and gymnasts are generally short. These anthropometrics, or body shapes, create advantages within certain sports. Kinesiology: Literally, the study of human movement. Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement Within the field of kinesiology we evaluate and score performances in two main ways. For example, we may time a runner over 100M and we give a 10M diver a score based on how much we liked the dive. We refer to these assessments as either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative simply refers to empirical or hard numbers, while qualitative refers is more subjective and evaluates form and style regardless of the elements of time of distance etc. Let us look at each in more detail. Qualitative Analysis Definition: Describes the human movement based on its constituent elements. The word qualitative refers to a description and analysis of a human movement based on and involving non-numeric terminology. Many professions involving scientific research use qualitative analysis as a thorough and detailed way of improving human movement and performance. Good qualitative analysis uses all the senses to gather information about the strengths and weaknesses of the movement. The most commonly used approach of qualitative analysis is through basic visual observation. It is through this observation that information on a specific motion is gained, recorded and analyzed. This analysis can also help identify various mechanical factors that may or may not need to be altered in an effort to improve performance in the given activity. The ability for a scientist, coach and athlete to be able to observe the performance in slow motion is a valuable tool for improving ones performance. The details of qualitative analyses vary. Generally, one can simply state a movement as a woman was running quickly down the track. It might also be stated that the same woman is running quickly down the track on the balls of their feet, leaning slightly to the right. This alternate way of describing the same movement is providing a more detailed qualitative analysis of the movement. Qualitative problems arise during our everyday daily activities, with a large part of our lives being devoted to the solution of problems. Sport and performance are no different. To effectively analyze a movement, it is necessary to start off with a framework and list of questions. The questions stated can either be more of a simple and general question or can also contain a much more detailed and specific questions. Below are some examples of both general and specific questions. Table 1.1: General vs. Specific Qualitative Analysis General Specific Is the movement performed with proper execution? -Is the release of the swing taking place at the instant of full arm extension? -Why is this sprinter not getting a faster time? -Does the strengthening of the quadriceps significantly improve hip rotation and turnover speed? Planning and Performing a Qualitative Analysis Once you have identified the question(s) the next step is to collect the data. For the coach, therapist or PE teacher, this is qualitative visual observation data. The movement is first carefully observed and written or mental notes are made. Planning is required to ensure observation is done from optimal distance and perspective. As the level and complexity of the skill increase, the level of planning increases. In planning a qualitative analysis, a process occurs with the main goal being a further refinement of the original question. The first and final step both lead to refinement of the original question being asked. Figure 1.1: Qualitative Analysis Process (*Referenced and re-created from Basic Biomechanics by Susan J. Hall) Following this procedure in carrying out a qualitative analysis will allow the researcher to optimally collect observations. Throughout the analysis, one usually finds questions will constantly arise. Laying out the foundation of the analysis will prevent faulty or inadequate information. Procedures for Qualitative Analysis First and foremost, the procedure begins with identifying the problem or question. Whether the analyst is looking to answer a question pertaining to a how a sprinters gait is negatively impacting their running style, why a baseball player is having difficulty making contact with the ball, or why a tennis player is having wrist pain. The ability to answer these questions begins with biomechanical knowledge. Once the problem is identified there are two main steps. Firstly, make proper decisions necessary to carry out the analysis and secondly to observe and collect the observations from the performers movement. When a movement is executed, the analyst needs to determine the appropriate way to fully optimize the viewing process. This decision is determined depending upon whether the analyst is going to rely on basic visual observation or will they be using a video camera. Videotape allows both the analyst and the performer to view the movement, as well as repeated viewings. Details like viewing angle, environmental modifications, slow-motion, etc. are all factors that play into the decision making process. It is from the videotaping of the performance that the analyst and the performer can both sit down and begin to collect observations. Feedback from the video, analyst and performer are all collected, and reviewed. Despite the main question being stated in the beginning, occasionally other questions may arise during the collection process. Observations made may suggest new questions. This is when the analyst needs to go back and focus on the critical aspects of the movement and the biomechanical error that was first identified. Finally, once all movements and performances have been carefully observed, the analyst begins to interpret the observations. The expert analyst is highly knowledgeable in biomechanical movements and is able to identify and diagnose errors. With all the combined information that was collected in the performance the analysis can now end the analysis, make refinements to the main question and/or problem and finally assess, correct and improve the human movement. Both knowledge of the specific biomechanical purposes of the movement and careful planning are necessary for effective qualitative analysis. Quantitative Analysis The second form of analysis is quantitative analysis. Definition: The use of measurable variables (e.g. size, time, number) to describe performances. In quantitative analysis we classify features, count them, and even construct more complex statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. The goals of quantitative analysis are to provide precise descriptions of the mechanisms of human problem solving, the causes of error, differences between skill performance and with the intent to improve human performance. We use variables such as force, speed, distance and time. The quantitative approach helps to eliminate subjective description and relies on data from the use of different instruments. It is generally a more scientific, publishable, and predictable analysis than the qualitative approach that implies that the movement is described without the use of numbers. This approach is widely used in coaching and during the teaching of sports skills. Nine-Step Quantitative Problem Solving A simple procedure for approaching and solving quantitative problems involves nine sequential steps. The following provides a summary of the procedure for solving such problems. Solving numerical problems is a critical part work in the kinesiology field and should be carefully approached. Carefully read and review the given problem. Write down information given; write what you need to find. Where units of measurement are needed (convert them as necessary) and list them in order. Draw out and diagram the situation given and provide both the unknown and known information Identify formulas that will be useful in solving the problem. Chose the logical formula that will be used. Insert and substitute measurements and relevant information correctly into the formula chosen. Solve the equation. Check to be sure your answer is reasonable, that you include proper units of measurement, and the answer is complete. Highlight the answer. (Revised from Basic Biomechanics by Susan J. Hall) Example of Quantitative Problem: Answers to these types of questions can assist coaches in making decisions about when and how to instruct players in given situations. Q: A baseball player hits a triple to left field. As he approaches 3rd base, he notices the incoming throw to the catcher is wild and decides to go to home plate. The catcher retrieves the ball 5m from the plate and runs to the plate at 8m/s. The runner is now 10m from the plate and running at 12m/s. Who reaches the plate first and how much faster? Using the Nine step process above, we can begin to solve this problem. Step 1: Carefully read and review the problem Step 2: Write down information given: Base runners speed = m/s Catchers speed = 8m/s Distance of base runner from plate = 10m Distance of catcher from plate = 5m Step 3: Draw a diagram of the situation of the problem. Step 4: Identify possible formulas to be used to solve the problem. Step 5: Chose the logical formula that will be used to solve the problem Time = distance/speed Step 6: Insert and substitute the given information into the formula. Time = distance/speed Catcher: time = 5m/8m.s Base runner: time = 10m/12m.s Step 7: Solve the Equation A: Catcher Time = 5m / 8m/s = 0.625sec. Runner: Time = 10m /12m/s = 0.83sec. Step 8: Check that the answer is complete and reasonable. Step 9: Highlight the answer Runner reaches home plate 0.21 seconds slower than the catcher! Could this be a qualitative example also? Yes, the umpire could actually call the runner safe. This is his decision and in this case is the wrong one. Research Note: The reliability differences between qualitative and quantitative assessments were perhaps no more clearly illustrated in the 2002 Winter Olympics Pairs Skating competition. In the pairs competition, Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia had won the short program over Jamie Salà © and David Pelletier of Canada. In the free skating, Berezhnaya/Sikharulidze made a minor (but obvious) technical error when Sikharulidze stepped out of a double axel. Meanwhile, Salà ©/Pelletier skated a flawless program, albeit one that many experts considered to be of lesser difficulty than that of the Russians. The Canadians were the clear crowd favorite; they left the ice to a round of stormy applause and everyone believed they had won Gold. The Canadians received three 5.9s for technical merit, while the Russians received mostly 5.8s and 5.7s. However, for presentation, the Canadians received four 5.9s to the Russians seven. Presentation was weighted more heavily than technical merit at the time; the Canadians needed at least five 5.9s to overtake the Russians for first. There was obvious disagreement from the crowd; loud chants of Six! Six! Six! gave way to a chorus of boos when the presentation marks came out. As it turned out, this margin held until the end, giving the gold medal to the Russians. Salà ©/Pelletier accepted their silver medal with grace but open disappointment. It was the 11th consecutive time (dating to 1960) that a pair from the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, or Russia had taken the gold in the pairs competition. As it turned out, this margin held until the end, giving the gold medal to the Russians. Salà ©/Pelletier accepted their silver medal with grace but open disappointment. It was the 11th consecutive time (dating to 1960) that a pair from the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, or Russia had taken the gold in the pairs competition. The world was stunned when it was announced that the Russians had won. There was immediate suspicion of cheating. Judges from Russia, the Peoples Republic of China, Poland, Ukraine, and France had placed the Russians first; judges from the United States, Canada, Germany, and Japan chose the Canadians. Suspicion fell almost immediately on the French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne. When Le Gougne returned to the officials hotel, she was immediately confronted by Sally Stapleford, chair of the International Skating Unions Technical Committee. Le Gougne had an emotional breakdown in which she said that she had been pressured by the head of the French skating organization, Didier Gailhaguet, to vote for the Russian pair regardless of how the others performed. She repeated this at the post-event judges meeting the next day. It was alleged that this was part of a deal to get an advantage for French couple Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat in the ice dance competition that was to follow a few days later. However, in a signed statement, Le Gougne denied taking part in such a deal and also stated that she had truly believed the Russian pair deserved to win. On February 15, Cinquanta and IOC President, at the time, Jacques Rogge, in a joint press conference, announced that Salà © and Pelletiers silver medal would be upgraded to gold. Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze were allowed to keep their gold medal as well, since there was no proof of impropriety on their part, and many felt that they, in fact, deserved it, as was the opinion of four of the other eight judges on the panel. Both pairs point totals were thrown out. Le Gougne was suspended effective immediately for misconduct. Which is better? Quantitative or Qualitative? You decide! So Quantitative or Qualitative? Obviously there are strengths and weaknesses for both. Here are some advantages to quantitative measurement. Quantitative methodologies are appropriate to measure overt behaviors. They are reliable in measuring descriptive aspects, such as time to travel a distance. Quantitative methodologies allow direct comparison and replication. Reliability and validity may be determined more objectively than with qualitative techniques. In quantitative research your aim is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive (subjects usually measured once) or experimental (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables. An experiment establishes causality. Studies aimed at quantifying relationships are of two types, descriptive and experimental. In a descriptive study, no attempt is made to change behavior or conditions (you measure things as they are). In an experimental study you take measurements, try some sort of intervention, and then take measurements again to see what happened. Problem: Can you list five examples each of qualitative and quantitative assessments of a skill etc. Qualitative versus Quantitative Measurement of Human Movement The qualitative and quantitative analysis of human movement is composed of many parts. Both require the knowledge of the movements desired, the characteristics involved, and the ability to view a performance and analyze whether the human movement does in fact incorporate the specific characteristics. The analysis of human movement may be either qualitative or quantitative, and both play an important role in the biomechanical analysis of human movement.. Classifying kinesiology tasks as quantitative or qualitative is an effective approach in understanding basic biomechanical concepts in kinesiology. Analyzing human movement is an essential process of problem solving. Whether the performance being analyzed is qualitative or quantitative they both include identifying the performance, observing and studying, and finally answering the problem or question. Quantitative measurements are taken and used to quantify movement or performance, whereas qualitative performance or movement is observed and subjectively evaluated without the use of measurement for quantification. An observer, for example, might qualitatively state that was a good throw where a second observer might quantitatively state the javelin was thrown at sixty-five meters. Qualitative analysis should not be regarded as merely general descriptions, as it can also involve detailed description. Both quantitative and qualitative description play important roles in the biomechanical analysis of human movement, with quantitative techniques mainly being used by biomechanist researchers in attempting to answer specific questions and qualitative observations and description mainly are used by a wider range of people including clinicians, coaches and PE teachers. There are advantages and disadvantages of both measurement techniques. However, the objectivity of quantitative measurement tends to make it more reliable and you dont end up with a performer scoring fewer points because of the color of their uniform as you might in qualitative assessment. Table 1.2: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Qualitative Three Feet Good Two Cents Bad Twenty Dollars Heavy Fifteen Seconds Fast Table 1.3: QUANTITATIVE or QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? Quantitative Analysis Qualitative Analysis Impact forces during running. X Carpal Tunnel Syndrome X Aerodynamics of clothing X Release angles for projectiles X Occupational demands X X Review Problems 1. Determine whether these measures require quantitative or qualitative analysis. Friction on a bobsled runner blade __________________ a toothache __________________ acceleration of a projectile __________________ rotational speed of baseball __________________ perceived difficulty chopping wood __________________ a headache __________________ wind speed __________________ 2. Can you now think of six examples on your own that fit each measurement. Give a one-line definition to accompany clarify your example. An example is provided for each measurement. Qualitative Motivation (motivation can be extrinsic or intrinsic and difficult to quantify). Quantitative Vertical jump height (this variable can be absolutely measured in cms). 3. Can you identify 4 examples of situation that represent dynamics and statics? Dynamics A skater gliding on the ice. Statics A chair sitting on the floor.

Essay --

The Canada-China relationship has been through many fluctuations since China’s establishment in 1949. The Canadian Cabinet decided to give its recognition in the same year as China’s establishment on 16 November. However, the diplomatic relations with China was not formed until 1970, two decades from Canada’s primary consideration. Though there were many factors influencing the Sino-Canadian relations since 1949, due to the limitation in length, this essay will focus on three main reasons, how the political consideration, the attention on human rights problems and Canada’s economic interests influenced its relations with China from 1949 to the 1990s. From 1949 to the 1960s, the relationship between China and Canada was strongly influenced by Canada’s political consideration. With Canada’s gradually pursuing of independent foreign policy together with the change in international climate eventually left the room for Canada’s recogniti on to China. Since then, the Canadian economic interest started to dominate any other factors in this bilateral relationship, even if Canada paid attention to China’s human rights problem. Thus, the Sino-Canadian relationship after the 1970s is a balance between Canada’s economic interests and human rights issues in China. This essay will examine the three factors thematically, and in each factor, it will follow a chronology order. In the first part of the essay, it will discuss Canada’s political consideration in recognition China when taking the U.S. influence and the change of international atmosphere into account. Canada’s willingness in achieving an independent foreign policy led to its formal relations establishment with China in the early 1970s. Then it will discuss how the Chinese human rig... ... China dominated the human rights problems, and enabled Canada-China to be an economic partnership of each other. From 1949 to the early 1960s, the American pressure that Canada received was the fundamental reason for the delay of recognition China. As Canada’s desire of pursuing an independent foreign policy grew stronger, the impact of the U.S. government on the normalizing relationship between Canada and China was less and less. After the establishment of relations in 1970, the bilateral relationship remained steady besides the human rights issue in China. When China dominated on the economic terms in the world, Canada preferred to cooperate with China. The economic trade between China and Canada brought positive influence to both economies, and the Sino-Canadian relationship should maintain at a peaceful and beneficial level if both states worked together.

The Host Chapter 33: Doubted

Another splash. Kyle's weight tortured my arms. â€Å"Wanda? Wanda!† â€Å"Help me! Kyle! The floor! Help!† I had my face pressed against the stone, my eyes toward the cave entrance. The light was bright overhead as the day dawned. I held my breath. My arms screamed. â€Å"Wanda! Where are you?† Ian leaped through the door, the rifle in his hands, held low and ready. His face was the angry mask his brother had worn. â€Å"Watch out!† I screamed at him. â€Å"The floor is breaking up! I can't hold him much longer!† It took him two long seconds to process the scene that was so different from the one he'd been expecting-Kyle, trying to kill me. The scene that had been, just seconds ago. Then he threw the gun to the cave floor and started toward me with a long stride. â€Å"Get down-disperse your weight!† He dropped to all fours and scuttled to me, his eyes burning in the light of dawn. â€Å"Don't let go,† he cautioned. I groaned in pain. He assessed for another second, and then slid his body behind mine, pushing me closer to the rock. His arms were longer than mine. Even with me in the way, he was able to get his hands around his brother. â€Å"One, two, three,† he grunted. He pulled Kyle up against the rock, much more securely than I'd had him. The movement smashed my face into the pillar. The bad side, though-it couldn't get much more scarred at this point. â€Å"I'm going to pull him to this side. Can you squeeze out?† â€Å"I'll try.† I loosened my hold on Kyle, feeling my shoulders ache in relief, making sure Ian had him. Then I wriggled out from between Ian and the rock, careful not to put myself on a dangerous section of the floor. I crawled backward a few feet toward the door, ready to make a grab for Ian if he started slipping. Ian hauled his inert brother around one side of the pillar, dragging him in jerks, a foot at a time. More of the floor crumbled, but the foundation of the pillar remained intact. A new shelf formed about two feet out from the column of rock. Ian crawled backward the way I had, dragging his brother along in short surges of muscle and will. Within a minute, we were all three in the mouth of the corridor, Ian and I breathing in gasps. â€Å"What†¦ the hell†¦ happened?† â€Å"Our weight†¦ was too†¦ much. Floor caved in.† â€Å"What were you doing†¦ by the edge? With Kyle?† I put my head down and concentrated on breathing. Well, tell him. What will happen then? You know what will happen. Kyle broke the rules. Jeb will shoot him, or they'll kick him out. Maybe Ian will beat the snot out of him first. That would be fun to watch. Melanie didn't really mean it-I didn't think so, anyway. She was just still mad at me for risking our lives to save our would-be murderer. Exactly, I told her. And if they kick Kyle out for me†¦ or kill him†¦ I shuddered. Well, can't you see how little sense that would make? He's one of you. We've got a life here, Wanda. You're jeopardizing that. It's my life, too. And I'm†¦ well, I'm me. Melanie groaned in disgust. â€Å"Wanda?† Ian demanded. â€Å"Nothing,† I muttered. â€Å"You're a rotten liar. You know that, right?† I kept my head down and breathed. â€Å"What did he do?† â€Å"Nothing,† I lied. Poorly. Ian put his hand under my chin, pulled my face up. â€Å"Your nose is bleeding.† He twisted my head to the side. â€Å"And there's more blood in your hair.† â€Å"I-hit my head when the floor fell.† â€Å"On both sides?† I shrugged. Ian glared at me for a long moment. The darkness of the tunnel muted the brilliance of his eyes. â€Å"We should get Kyle to Doc-he really cracked his head when he went down.† â€Å"Why are you protecting him? He tried to kill you.† It was a statement of fact, not a question. His expression slowly melted from anger to horror. He was imagining what we had been doing on that unstable shelf-I could see that in his eyes. When I did not answer, he spoke again in a whisper. â€Å"He was going to throw you in the river†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A strange tremor shook his body. Ian had one arm around Kyle-he'd collapsed that way and seemed too tired to move. Now he shoved his unconscious brother away roughly, sliding farther from him in disgust. He slid into me and wrapped his arms around my shoulders. He pulled me close against his chest-I could feel his breath go in and out, still more ragged than normal. It felt very strange. â€Å"I should roll him right back in there and kick him over the edge myself.† I shook my head frantically, making it throb in pain. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Saves time. Jeb made the rules clear. You try to hurt someone here, there are penalties. There'll be a tribunal.† I tried to pull away from him, but he tightened his grip. It wasn't frightening, not like the way Kyle had grabbed me. But it was upsetting-it threw me off balance. â€Å"No. You can't do that, because no one broke the rules. The floor collapsed, that's all.† â€Å"Wanda -â€Å" â€Å"He's your brother.† â€Å"He knew what he was doing. He's my brother, yes, but he did what he did, and you are†¦ you are†¦ my friend.† â€Å"He did nothing. He is human,† I whispered. â€Å"This is his place, not mine.† â€Å"We're not having this discussion again. Your definition of human is not the same as mine. To you, it means something†¦ negative. To me, it's a compliment-and by my definition, you are and he isn't. Not after this.† â€Å"Human isn't a negative to me. I know you now. But Ian, he's your brother.† â€Å"A fact that shames me.† I pushed away from him again. This time, he let me go. It might have had something to do with the moan of pain that escaped my lips when I moved my leg. â€Å"Are you okay?† â€Å"I think so. We need to find Doc, but I don't know if I can walk. I-I hit my leg, when I fell.† A growl strangled in his throat. â€Å"Which leg? Let me see.† I tried to straighten out my hurt leg-it was the right one-and groaned again. His hands started at my ankle, testing the bones, the joints. He rotated my ankle carefully. â€Å"Higher. Here.† I pulled his hand to the back of my thigh, just above the knee. I moaned again when he pressed the sore place. â€Å"It's not broken or anything, I don't think. Just really sore.† â€Å"Deep muscle bruise, at least,† he muttered. â€Å"And how did this happen?† â€Å"Must have†¦ landed on a rock when I fell.† He sighed. â€Å"Okay, let's get you to Doc.† â€Å"Kyle needs him more than I do.† â€Å"I have to go find Doc anyway-or some help. I can't carry Kyle that far, but I can certainly carry you. Oops-hold on.† He turned abruptly and ducked back into the river room. I decided I wouldn't argue with him. I wanted to see Walter before†¦ Doc had promised to wait for me. Would that first dose of painkiller wear off soon? My head swam. There was so much to worry about, and I was so tired. The adrenaline had drained, leaving me empty. Ian came back with the gun. I frowned because this reminded me that I'd wished for it before. I didn't like that. â€Å"Let's go.† Without thinking, he handed the gun to me. I let it fall into my open palms, but I couldn't curl my hands around it. I decided it was a suitable punishment, to have to carry the thing. Ian chuckled. â€Å"How anyone could be afraid of you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he mumbled to himself. He picked me up easily and was moving before I was settled. I tried to keep the tenderest parts-the back of my head, the back of my leg-from resting on him too hard. â€Å"How'd your clothes get so wet?† he asked. We were passing under one of the fist-sized skylights, and I could see the hint of a grim smile on his pale lips. â€Å"I don't know,† I muttered. â€Å"Steam?† We passed into darkness again. â€Å"You're missing a shoe.† â€Å"Oh.† We passed through another beam of light, and his eyes flashed sapphire. They were serious now, locked on my face. â€Å"I'm†¦ very glad that you weren't hurt, Wanda. Hurt worse, I should say.† I didn't answer. I was afraid of giving him something to use against Kyle. Jeb found us just before we hit the big cave. There was enough light for me to see the sharp glint of curiosity in his eyes when he saw me in Ian's arms, face bleeding, the gun resting gingerly on my open hands. â€Å"You were right, then,† Jeb guessed. The curiosity was strong, but the steel in his tone was stronger. His jaw was tight beneath the fan of his beard. â€Å"I didn't hear a shot. Kyle?† â€Å"He's unconscious,† I said in a rush. â€Å"You need to warn everyone-part of the floor collapsed in the river room. I don't know how stable it is now. Kyle hit his head really hard trying to get out of the way. He needs Doc.† Jeb raised one eyebrow so high it almost touched the faded bandanna at his hairline. â€Å"That's the story,† Ian said, making no effort to conceal his doubt. â€Å"And she's apparently sticking to it.† Jeb laughed. â€Å"Let me take that off your hands,† he said to me. I let him have the gun willingly. He laughed again at my expression. â€Å"I'll get Andy and Brandt to help me with Kyle. We'll follow behind you.† â€Å"Keep a close eye on him when he wakes up,† Ian said in a hard tone. â€Å"Can do.† Jeb slouched off, looking for more hands. Ian hurried me toward the hospital cave. â€Å"Kyle could be really hurt†¦ Jeb should hurry.† â€Å"Kyle's head is harder than any rock in this place.† The long tunnel felt longer than usual. Was Kyle dying, despite my efforts? Was he conscious again and looking for me? What about Walter? Was he sleeping†¦ or gone? Had the Seeker given up her hunt, or would she be back now that it was light again? Will Jared still be with Doc? Mel added her questions to mine. Will he be angry when he sees you? Will he know me? When we reached the sunlit southern cave, Jared and Doc didn't look like they'd moved much. They leaned, side by side, against Doc's makeshift desk. It was quiet as we approached. They weren't talking, just watching Walter sleep. They started up with wide eyes as Ian carried me into the light and laid me on the cot next to Walter's. He straightened my right leg carefully. Walter was snoring. That sound eased some of my tension. â€Å"What now?† Doc demanded angrily. He was bending over me as soon as the words were out, wiping at the blood on my cheek. Jared's face was frozen in surprise. He was being careful, not letting the expression give way to anything else. â€Å"Kyle,† Ian answered at the same time that I said, â€Å"The floor -â€Å" Doc looked back and forth between us, confused. Ian sighed and rolled his eyes. Absently, he laid one hand lightly on my forehead. â€Å"The floor crumbled by the first river hole. Kyle fell back and cracked his head on a rock. Wanda saved his worthless life. She says she fell, too, when the floor gave.† Ian gave Doc a meaningful look. â€Å"Something,† he said the word sarcastically, â€Å"bashed the back of her head pretty good.† He started listing. â€Å"Her nose is bleeding but not broken, I don't think. She's got some damage to the muscle here.† He touched my sore thigh. â€Å"Knees sliced up pretty good, got her face again, but I think maybe I did that, trying to pull Kyle out of the hole. Shouldn't have bothered.† Ian muttered the last part. â€Å"Anything else?† Doc asked. At that moment, his fingers, probing along my side, reached the place where Kyle had punched me. I gasped. Doc tugged my shirt up, and I heard both Ian and Jared hiss at what they saw. â€Å"Let me guess,† Ian said in a voice like ice. â€Å"You fell on a rock.† â€Å"Good guess,† I agreed, breathless. Doc was still touching my side, and I was trying to hold back whimpers. â€Å"Might have broken a rib, not sure,† Doc murmured. â€Å"I wish I could give you something for the pain -â€Å" â€Å"Don't worry about that, Doc,† I panted. â€Å"I'm okay. How's Walter? Did he wake up at all?† â€Å"No, it will take some time to sleep that dose off,† Doc said. He took my hand and started bending my wrist, my elbow. â€Å"I'm okay.† His kind eyes were soft as he met my gaze. â€Å"You will be. You'll just have to rest for a while. I'll keep an eye on you. Here, turn your head.† I did as he asked, and then winced while he examined my wound. â€Å"Not here,† Ian muttered. I couldn't see Doc, but Jared threw Ian a sharp look. â€Å"They're bringing Kyle. I'm not having them in the same room.† Doc nodded. â€Å"Probably wise.† â€Å"I'll get a place ready for her. I'll need you to keep Kyle here until†¦ until we decide what to do with him.† I started to speak, but Ian put his fingers on my lips. â€Å"All right,† Doc agreed. â€Å"I'll tie him down, if you want.† â€Å"If we have to. Is it okay to move her?† Ian glanced toward the tunnel, his face anxious. Doc hesitated. â€Å"No,† I whispered, Ian's fingers still touching my mouth. â€Å"Walter. I want to be here for Walter.† â€Å"You've saved all the lives you can save today, Wanda,† Ian said, his voice gentle and sad. â€Å"I want to say†¦ to say good-goodbye.† Ian nodded. Then he looked at Jared. â€Å"Can I trust you?† Jared's face flushed with anger. Ian held up his hand. â€Å"I don't want to leave her here unprotected while I find her a safe place,† Ian said. â€Å"I don't know if Kyle will be conscious when he arrives. If Jeb shoots him, it will upset her. But you and Doc should be able to handle him. I don't want Doc to be on his own, and force Jeb's hand.† Jared spoke through clenched teeth. â€Å"Doc won't be on his own.† Ian hesitated. â€Å"She's been through hell in the past couple of days. Remember that.† Jared nodded once, teeth still clamped together. â€Å"I'll be here,† Doc reminded Ian. Ian met his gaze. â€Å"Okay.† He leaned over me, and his luminous eyes held mine. â€Å"I'll be back soon. Don't be afraid.† â€Å"I'm not.† He ducked in and touched his lips to my forehead. No one was more surprised than I, though I heard Jared gasp quietly. My mouth hung open as Ian wheeled and nearly sprinted from the room. I heard Doc pull a breath in through his teeth, like a backward whistle. â€Å"Well,† he said. They both stared at me for a long moment. I was so tired and sore, I barely cared what they were thinking. â€Å"Doc -† Jared started to say something in an urgent tone, but a clamor from the tunnel interrupted him. Five men struggled through the opening. Jeb, in front, had Kyle's left leg in his arms. Wes had the right leg, and behind them, Andy and Aaron worked to support his torso. Kyle's head lolled back over Andy's shoulder. â€Å"Stars, but he's heavy,† Jeb grunted. Jared and Doc sprang forward to help. After a few minutes of cursing and groaning, Kyle was lying on a cot a few feet away from mine. â€Å"How long has he been out, Wanda?† Doc asked me. He pulled Kyle's eyelids back, letting the sunlight shine into his pupils. â€Å"Um†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I thought quickly. â€Å"As long as I've been here, the ten minutes or so it took Ian to carry me here, and then maybe five more minutes before that?† â€Å"At least twenty minutes, would you say?† â€Å"Yes. Close to that.† While we were consulting, Jeb had made his own diagnosis. No one paid any attention as he came to stand at the head of Kyle's cot. No one paid any attention-until he turned an open bottle of water over Kyle's face. â€Å"Jeb,† Doc complained, knocking his hand away. But Kyle sputtered and blinked, and then moaned. â€Å"What happened? Where did it go?† He started to shift his weight, trying to look around. â€Å"The floor†¦ is moving†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Kyle's voice had my fingers clenching the sides of my cot and panic washing through me. My leg ached. Could I limp away? Slowly, perhaps†¦ â€Å"‘S okay,† someone murmured. Not someone. I would always know that voice. Jared moved to stand between my cot and Kyle's, his back to me, his eyes on the big man. Kyle rolled his head back and forth, groaning. â€Å"You're safe,† Jared said in a low voice. He didn't look at me. â€Å"Don't be afraid.† I took a deep breath. Melanie wanted to touch him. His hand was close to mine, resting on the edge of my cot. Please, no, I told her. My face hurts quite enough as it is! He won't hit you. You think. I'm not willing to risk it. Melanie sighed; she yearned to move toward him. It wouldn't have been so hard to bear if I weren't yearning also. Give him time, I pleaded. Let him get used to us. Wait till he really believes. She sighed again. â€Å"Aw, hell!† Kyle grumbled. My gaze flickered toward him at the sound of his voice. I could just see his bright eyes around Jared's elbow, focused on me. â€Å"It didn't fall!† he complained.